Possibilities for ranking business schools and considerations concerning the stability of such rankings.

In this article, we discuss possibilities for ranking business schools and analyse the stability of research rankings using different ranking methods. One focus is set on a comparison of publication-based rankings with citation-based rankings. Our considerations and discussions are based on a (small) case study for which we have examined all (six) business schools at public universities in Austria. The innovative aspect of our article is the chosen mix of methods and the explicit comparison of the results of a publication analysis with those of a citation analysis. In addition, we have developed a new indicator to check the stability of the obtained ranking results with regard to the individual business schools. The results show that the ranks of the individual business schools are quite stable. Nevertheless, we found some differences between publication-based and citation-based rankings. In both cases, however, the choice of the data source as well as switching from full to adjusted counting only have little impact on the ranking results. The main contribution of our approach to research in the field of university rankings is that it shows that focusing on a single (overall) indicator should be avoided, as this can easily lead to bias. Instead, different (partial) indicators should be calculated side by side to provide a more complete picture.

[Treatment Outcome of Migrants and Non-Migrants in Forensic Psychiatry. A Retrospective Case Control Study Using Bavarian Data From 2010 to 2019]. / Behandlungsoutcome von Maßregelpatient:innen mit Migrationshintergrund. Analyse bayerischer Daten zur Qualitätserfassung von 2010 bis 2019.

Objective Analysis of the relationship between patients' migration status and the outcomes of forensic psychiatry in terms of time from entry to discharge and discharge mode.Methods Based on outcome data of the Bavarian forensic psychiatry, a retrospective case-control analysis between migrants and non-migrants was conducted. Participants were matched on age, sex, main diagnosis and main offence.Results Regarding treatment according to Section 63 of the German Criminal Code (Placement in psychiatric hospital), migrant and non-migrants didn't differ significanlty in the observed variables. Regarding treatment according to Section 64 of the German Criminal Code (Placement in addiction treatment facility), migrants' treatment was terminated prematurely more often and after less time than non-migrant's treatment.Conclusion Treatment according to Section 64 of the German Criminal Code is less successful for migrants.

[Self-determination and forensic addiction treatment : Reflections on the tension between patient autonomy and the preventive function of Sect. 64 of the German Criminal Code (StGB) from a psychiatric, ethical and normative perspective]. / Selbstbestimmung und forensische Suchtbehandlung : Reflexionen zum Spannungsfeld zwischen Patientenautonomie und dem Präventionsauftrag des § 64 StGB aus psychiatrischer, ethischer und normativer Sicht.

BACKGROUND: Among the current proposals for the upcoming reform of forensic addiction treatment according to Sect. 64 of the German Criminal Code (StGB), that of the DGPPN stands out as the most far-reaching. Among other things, it calls for making the ordering of the measure dependent on the consent of the defendant and the regular and voluntary demonstration of the willingness to undergo treatment. Prior to treatment in a forensic addiction facility, those affected should reliably participate in addiction-specific treatment offers in the prison setting. AIMS: A critical reflection on the key assumptions and implications of this reform proposal with respect to treatment motivation and the right or ability to self-determination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: These assumptions are analyzed and discussed from psychiatric, medical-ethical and legal-normative perspectives. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Neither the setting nor the resources of a prison seem to make it a suitable place for the motivationally critical phases of (probationary) addiction treatment. The approach that only those who have previously demonstrated therapy motivation in word and deed should have the "advantage" of forensic withdrawal therapy, would not do justice to the complexity of substance use disorders and would lead to an overestimation of the already elusive concept of therapy motivation in the context of this disorder. Also, from an ethical perspective, self-determination in forensic addiction patients appears too understudied, both conceptually and empirically, to justify such a far-reaching approach. On a normative level, the new approach would remove an effective special prevention instrument from the hand and create an imbalance in the structure of sanctions.

Immunoassay screening in urine for synthetic cannabinoids - an evaluation of the diagnostic efficiency.

BACKGROUND: The abuse of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) as presumed legal alternative to cannabis poses a great risk to public health. For economic reasons many laboratories use immunoassays (IAs) to screen for these substances in urine. However, the structural diversity and high potency of these designer drugs places high demands on IAs regarding cross-reactivity of the antibodies used and detection limits. METHODS: Two retrospective studies were carried out in order to evaluate the capability of two homogenous enzyme IAs for the detection of currently prevalent SCs in authentic urine samples. Urine samples were analyzed utilizing a 'JWH-018' kit and a 'UR-144' kit. The IA results were confirmed by an up-to-date liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) screening method covering metabolites of 45 SCs. RESULTS: The first study (n=549) showed an 8% prevalence of SCs use (LC-MS/MS analysis) among inpatients of forensic-psychiatric clinics, whereas all samples were tested negative by the IAs. In a second study (n=200) the combined application of both IAs led to a sensitivity of 2% and a diagnostic accuracy of 51% when applying the recommended IA cut-offs. Overall, 10 different currently prevalent SCs were detected in this population. The results can be explained by an insufficient cross-reactivity of the antibodies towards current SCs in combination with relatively high detection limits of the IAs. CONCLUSIONS: In light of the presented study data it is strongly recommended not to rely on the evaluated IA tests for SCs in clinical or forensic settings. For IA kits of other providers similar results can be expected.